ABSTRACT
Abstract The phenylketonuria - quality of life (PKU-QOL) questionnaire was developed to assess the impact of phenylketonuria (PKU) and its treatment on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients and their caregivers. Available in four versions (child, adolescent, adult and parent), it was developed and validated in eight countries. The objective of this study was to linguistically validate the PKU-QOL questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese for use in Brazil by clinicians who take care of PKU patients. The translation method used a standard linguistic validation process. The British English version served as a basis for translation. No major cultural or semantic issues were found during the process. The main difficulty was the use of the acronym "PKU" in the first translations. During the cognitive interviews, respondents made the confusion between the disease itself and the food supplement since it is written "PKU" or "COMIDA-PKU" on the packaging of the product. To overcome this issue, it was decided to use fenilcetonuria (fenil) or fenil alone throughout all versions. The PKU-QOL will be valuable for Brazilian healthcare providers in individualizing treatment and managing patients with PKU.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Identificar indivíduos responsivos à tetrahibrobiopterina (BH4) em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros com hiperfenilalaninemia por deficiência de fenilalanina-hidroxilase (HPA-PAH). MÉTODOS: Estudo intervencional, amostragem por conveniência. Para serem incluídos no estudo, os pacientes deveriam: possuir diagnóstico bioquímico de HPA-PAH; ter idade > 7 anos; estar em tratamento dietético; e apresentar níveis de fenilalanina (Phe) > 6 mg/dL em todas as medidas realizadas no ano anterior à inclusão no estudo. Os níveis de Phe foram determinados por meio de espectrometria de massas in tandem no dia anterior (dia 1) e nos pontos de hora 0, 4 e 8 h (dia 2) e 24 h (dia 3) após ingestão de BH4. Os critérios utilizados para definir responsividade ao BH4 foram: critério 1-redução > 30 por cento de Phe após 8 h da administração de BH4; e critério 2-redução > 30 por cento de Phe após 24 h da administração. RESULTADOS: Dezoito pacientes foram incluídos no estudo (mediana de idade = 14 anos, sexo masculino = 12). Cinco pacientes foram responsivos ao BH4, sendo três (forma clássica: um; forma leve: dois) de acordo com ambos os critérios, e dois (forma clássica: um; forma não definida: um) de acordo com o critério 2. Os níveis de Phe plasmáticos do dia 1 não demonstraram variação nos pontos de hora (p = 0,523). Entretanto, quando comparamos os níveis de Phe nos pontos de hora dos dias 1 e 2, encontramos uma variação significativa (p = 0,006). A análise da associação genótipo-fenótipo confirmou o caráter multifatorial da responsividade ao BH4. CONCLUSÃO: Os nossos achados estão de acordo com a literatura e indicam que um número relevante de pacientes brasileiros com HPA-PAH é responsivo à BH4.
OBJECTIVE: To identify patients responsive to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in a sample of Brazilians with hyperphenylalaninemia due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (HPA-PAH). METHODS: Interventional study, convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of HPA-PAH; age > 7 years; phenylalanine-restricted diet and phenylalanine (Phe) levels > 6 mg/dL in all blood tests 1 year before inclusion. Blood samples were obtained the day before (day 1) and at 0, 4, 8 (day 2) and 24 h (day 3) after BH4 intake. Phe levels were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. The criteria used to define responsiveness to BH4 were: criterion 1- Phe reduction > 30 percent 8 h after BH4 administration; criterion 2 - Phe reduction > 30 percent 24 h after BH4 administration. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were enrolled (median age, 14 years; 12 boys). Five patients were responsive to BH4, 3 according to both criteria (one classical PKU, two mild PKU); and two according to criterion 2 (one classical PKU; one indefinite PKU type). There were no differences between Phe serum levels on day 1 and at the other time points (p = 0.523). However, Phe levels on days 1 and 2 were significantly different (p = 0.006). The analysis of the phenotype-genotype association confirmed its multifactorial character. CONCLUSION: A relevant number of Brazilian patients with HPA-PAH are responsive to BH4, in agreement with other studies in the literature.